Is Student Debt America's Next Crisis?

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By Richard Blackden Economics Last updated: December 7th, 2011

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The Occupy Wall Street movement is a big tent of concerns and deliberately so. Keeping the flaps open draws in as many people in as possible, even if it does prevent the movement from issuing a list of demands.

But a visit to its Manhattan base in  Zuccotti Park quickly reveals that a binding hardship for many of the younger protesters is their student debt.  It's an impression strengthened by " We are the 99 Percent", a slogan invented by the movement, and the address of a website that's an online home for hundreds of people's stories. Debt taken on to pay for a university education is a common theme and complaint.

We know how disastrously Americans' love affair with mortgage debt ended. Three years and an anaemic recovery later, questions are being raised about an accumulation of student debt that some forecast will exceed $1trillion (£637bn) for the first time next year. The New York Fed put the total at $845bn at the end of the second quarter.

It's not just those in the Occupy Wall Street movement asking the questions.  Student loan delinquency, or late payments, has been climbing this year and was at 6.10pc in October, according to data from Equifax and  Moody's Analytics. Although default rates have eased over the past couple of months, economists at Moody's expect them to rise again next year as jobs remain hard to come by.

Though few are suggesting that student debt is another time bomb ticking under America, there's concern that a rise in defaults will prove another drag for the recovery. A survey by  Rutgers University earlier this year of people who graduated between 2006 and 2010 voiced the anxiety that a university degree may no longer pave the way to relative prosperity in the way that it has done for the past half- century. Although a very small proportion of those questioned regretted getting a degree, under half expect to be better off than their parents.

While the finding is hardly shocking given the current level of unemployment, it underlines the degree to which this downturn is making people question conventional wisdom. After all, all the data suggests you're better off with a university degree. According to the Bureau of Labor, the unemployment rate for those with a bachelor's degree was 5.4pc last year, compared with 10.3pc for those who left education after graduating from high school.

Carl Van Horn, a professor at Rutgers University, believes that we are seeing a "temporary lull" in the ability of degrees to create opportunities for people in America. In other words, it's the weak economy rather than the quality of degrees that should shoulder most of the blame.

What shouldn't be ignored, though, is the concern among employers over the lack of candidates with the science and engineering backgrounds they need. The downturn is likely to force students to scrutinise more carefully whether what they choose to pay tens of thousands of dollars to study finds some demand in the wider economy when they leave university. With few reasons to believe that unemployment will fall much in the next couple of years, there will be more disappointed graduates. And, quite possibly, higher defaults on the almost $1trillion of loans.

The bigger danger remains that more people decide against pursuing any type of education after high school. An announcement this week from pharmaceutical company Merck that it will be opening a research centre in China underlined that  large US companies can locate skilled jobs almost anywhere.  It's also a reminder that life for those without any qualifications after high school is only likely to get harder.

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