The long-term vision of Elon Musk and other visionaries involves “terraforming” Mars. The term “terraforming” was first used in 1930 by Olaf Stapledon in his novel Last and First Men, in which he describes how, with Earth no longer habitable, humans terraform Venus. The term became more widely known thanks to the science fiction author Jack Williamson, who used it in his 1942 short story “Collision Orbit,” before it was later adopted by the scientific community at large.
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